Long-term results and PSA kinetics after robotic SBRT for prostate cancer: multicenter retrospective study in Korea (Korean radiation oncology group study 15-01)

Abstract

BackgroundTo evaluate the treatment outcome and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) change after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer.MethodsPatients with localized prostate cancer treated with SBRT at three academic hospitals were enrolled. Treatment was delivered using Cyberknife with dose range from 35 to 37.5Gy in 5 fractions. Biochemical failure (BCF) was assessed with Phoenix definition and toxicities were scored with Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) toxicity criteria. The PSA kinetics were analyzed in patients who received no androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and showed no recurrence.ResultsOf the total 88 patients, 14 patients (15.9%) received ADT. After median follow-up of 63.8months, the 5-year BCF free survival (BCFFS) was 94.7%. Two patients experienced late grade3 GI toxicities (2.2%). The median nadir PSA was 0.12ng/mL (range, 0.00-2.62ng/mL) and the median time to nadir was 44.8months (range, 0.40-85.7months). Patients who reached nadir before 24months showed poorer BCFFS than the others. The rate of PSA decline was maximum in the first year after treatment and gradually decreased with time. The pattern of PSA change was significantly different according to the risk groups (p=0.011) with the slope of -0.139, -0.161 and-0.253ng/mL/month in low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively.ConclusionSBRT for localized prostate cancer showed favorable efficacy with minimal toxicities. The time to PSA nadir was significantly associated with treatment outcome. PSA revealed rapid initial decline and slower decrease with longer follow-up and the patterns of PSA changes were different according to the risk groups.