The effect of adherence to high-quality dietary pattern on COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors
- Rahmati, M.[Rahmati, M.]; Fatemi, R.[Fatemi, R.]; Yon, D.K.[Yon, D.K.]; Lee, S.W.[Lee, S.W.]; Koyanagi, A.[Koyanagi, A.]; Il, Shin J.[Il, Shin J.]; Smith, L.[Smith, L.]
- Issue Date
- Jan-2023
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons Inc
- Keywords
- COVID-19; diet quality; Mediterranean diet; meta-analysis; plant-based diet
- Citation
- Journal of Medical Virology, v.95, no.1
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Journal of Medical Virology
- Volume
- 95
- Number
- 1
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/skku/handle/2021.sw.skku/101104
- DOI
- 10.1002/jmv.28298
- ISSN
- 0146-6615
- Abstract
- Dietary quality and patterns may influence SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes, but scientific data and evidence to support such a role are lacking. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to elucidate the effect of prepandemic diet quality on the risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to September 1, 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to calculate each outcome's risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Five studies including 4 023 663 individuals (3 149 784 high-quality diet individuals and 873 881 controls) were included in the present meta-analysis. The effectiveness of high-quality dietary pattern against SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization was 28% (95% CI 19%–36%) and 62% (95% CI 25%–80%); respectively. Subgroup analysis based on different levels of diet quality showed no difference between middle and high levels of diet quality in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection. Interestingly, subgroup analysis based on the different types of high-quality diets and the risk of COVID-19 infection revealed that the effectiveness of plant-based diet against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 50% (95% CI 30%–65%); while the effectiveness of Mediterranean diet against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 22% (95% CI 12%–31%). Adherence to a high-quality dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. More studies are required to confirm these findings, and future studies should determine the biological mechanisms underlying the association between diet quality and risk of COVID-19 infection. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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