1922년 중앙수리조합(中央水利組合)의 설립과 철원(鐵原) 지역사회의 변동

Abstract

This paper brings light on the formation of the Joongang Irrigation Association (中央水利組合, hereafter JIA), through the repair work of the many traditional-bo (洑) and the newly-making reservoir. The establishment of a huge association was the first case in mountainous region, Gangwon-do province, Colonial Korea. This large-scale project, in Cheorwon Plain (鐵原平野), displayed a model case in colonial developmental history, as well as the emergence of the colonial city. The developmental boom of the newly-rising city, Cheorwon-eup (鐵原邑) recruited many poor Korean peasants from all over the peninsula, and led to the growth of the agricultural-related industry and factories. However, Korean natives suffered from the heavy burden of irrigation fee (水利費), and famine or severe poverty in newly paddy field (=Cheorwon Plain). Moreover, Korean small holders could not help but lose or sell off their arable land, especially in the first half of 1930s, the Great Depression. Japanese immigrant society in Cheorwon-eup made a striking contrast to the poor Korean rural community.