Mitogen-Induced Interferon Gamma Production in Human Whole Blood: The Effect of Heat and Cations
- Authors
- Nam, JH[Nam, Ji-Hyun]; Cha, B[Cha, Bomi]; Park, JY[Park, Jun-Young]; Abekura, F[Abekura, Fukushi]; Kim, CH[Kim, Cheorl-Ho]; Kim, JR[Kim, Jeong-Ran]
- Issue Date
- 2019
- Publisher
- BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
- Keywords
- Pokeweed mitogen; phytohemagglutinin; concanavalin A; interferon gamma; heat stability; calcium; magnesium; zinc
- Citation
- CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, v.20, no.7, pp.562 - 572
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Volume
- 20
- Number
- 7
- Start Page
- 562
- End Page
- 572
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/skku/handle/2021.sw.skku/16052
- DOI
- 10.2174/1389201020666190528093432
- ISSN
- 1389-2010
- Abstract
- Background: Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are blood tests used to measure the amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) released by T lymphocytes after stimulation by antigens specific for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection. A mitogen serves as a positive control to assess the immune function in IGRAs. Methods: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate IFN-gamma production by human whole blood stimulated with heat-treated and/or cation-supplemented phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), using QuantiFERON-TB Gold Kit ELISA tests. Results: The optimal concentrations of PWM, Con A and PHA for IGRAs were 2 mu g/mL, 5 mu g/mL and 10 mu g/mL, respectively. The results showed that IFN-gamma production in response to PWM was the highest and PHA was the lowest amount. The median values of three mitogens were in the following order: PWM >= Con A >= positive control>>PHA-P>>negative control. PWM and PHA were heat stable, while Con A was heat sensitive. The mitogen response of lymphocytes to untreated or heat-treated PWM and heat-treated Con A was increased in 1 mM Ca2+-supplemented groups, whereas the response to heat-treated PHA was decreased. Exposure to 1 mM Mg2+ had no effect on untreated or heat-treated PWM, and a concentration of 1 mM Zn2+ inhibited the stimulation of un-treated PWM. We found that calcium supplementation improved the PWM-induced production of IFN-gamma. Conclusion: Therefore, PWM is an appropriate mitogen for use as a positive control in IGRAs. It is a potential indicator of cytokine production in the diagnostic as well as research settings, and calcium supplementation improved stimulation.
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