Association between the CLOCK gene 3111 T > C polymorphism and an irregular menstrual cycle in Korean adolescents
- Authors
- Kim, K.-H.[Kim, K.-H.]; Kim, Y.[Kim, Y.]; Ha, J.[Ha, J.]; Shin, D.-W.[Shin, D.-W.]; Shin, Y.-C.[Shin, Y.-C.]; Oh, K.-S.[Oh, K.-S.]; Woo, H.-Y.[Woo, H.-Y.]; Lim, S.-W.[Lim, S.-W.]
- Issue Date
- 2015
- Publisher
- TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
- Keywords
- Adolescent; clock genes; irregular menstruation; polymorphism
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY, v.36, no.4, pp.148 - 154
- Indexed
- SCIE
SSCI
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY
- Volume
- 36
- Number
- 4
- Start Page
- 148
- End Page
- 154
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/skku/handle/2021.sw.skku/50164
- DOI
- 10.3109/0167482X.2015.1089229
- ISSN
- 0167-482X
- Abstract
- The menstrual cycle is an example of a human infradian rhythm, but an altered sleep-wake cycle or a disrupted circadian rhythm can change the regularity of the menstrual cycle. In this study, we investigated whether an irregular menstrual cycle is associated with polymorphisms in the CLOCK (3111T > C) and/or PER3 (variable number tandem repeat, VNTR) genes, which are known to have an impact on the circadian rhythm. One hundred ninety-seven postmenarchal, adolescent girls from two girls' high schools in Seoul, Korea, were studied. All participants were requested to complete the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess the emotional distress that might cause menstrual irregularity. Every participant donated a blood sample from which DNA was extracted and genotyped for the CLOCK 3111T > C and PER3 VNTR polymorphisms. A significant association was found between the CLOCK 3111T > C genotype and irregular menstrual cycles. Subjects with the 3111T > C genotype had a high risk of an irregular menstrual cycle compared with 3111T/T homozygous subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-6.55). When multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for age, PSS, STAI, BDI and BMI, subjects with the 3111T > C polymorphism showed a significantly increased OR for irregular menstrual cycles (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.32-7.21). There was no significant association between the PER3 VNTR polymorphism and the irregularity of the menstrual cycle (p > 40.05). The results of this study suggest that the CLOCK 3111T > C polymorphism could be an independent risk factor for irregular menstrual cycles, irrespective of psychological distress and endocrine or metabolic conditions, and could be used as a molecular marker for gynecological studies on this aspect.
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Collections - Medicine > Department of Medicine > 1. Journal Articles
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