Association Between Functional Impairment, Depression, and Extrapyramidal Signs in Neuroleptic-Free Patients With Alzheimer Disease
- Authors
- Choi, J[Choi, Junbae]; Myung, W[Myung, Woojae]; Chung, JW[Chung, Jae Won]; Kang, HS[Kang, Hyo Shin]; Na, DL[Na, Duk L.]; Kim, SY[Kim, Seong Yoon]; Lee, JH[Lee, Jae-Hong]; Han, SH[Han, Seol-Heui]; Choi, SH[Choi, Seong Hye]; Kim, S[Kim, SangYun]; Kim, S[Kim, Seonwoo]; Carroll, BJ[Carroll, Bernard J.]; Kim, DK[Kim, Doh Kwan]
- Issue Date
- Sep-2013
- Publisher
- SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY, v.26, no.3, pp.144 - 150
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY
- Volume
- 26
- Number
- 3
- Start Page
- 144
- End Page
- 150
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/skku/handle/2021.sw.skku/59629
- DOI
- 10.1177/0891988713490993
- ISSN
- 0891-9887
- Abstract
- Background: Extrapyramidal signs (EPSs) are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). We report here the base rate of EPS in a large cohort of patients with AD who were not receiving neuroleptic drugs, and the associations of EPS with functional outcomes and depressive symptoms. Methods: In a consortium involving 56 clinics, we recruited 2614 patients with AD. We estimated basic activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL by the Barthel index and the Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL) scales, respectively. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). The EPS group was defined by the presence of at least 1 EPS based on a focused neurologic examination. Results: The prevalence of EPS-positive patients was 12%. These had lower Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) scores than the EPS-negative cases (P < .001). After controlling for demographic, medical, radiological, genetic, and cognitive (K-MMSE) factors, the proportion of patients with impaired ADL was significantly higher in the EPS group than in the non-EPS group (P < .001, odds ratio = 1.90, 95% confidence interval, 1.45-2.48, and logistic regression). The S-IADL scores were significantly higher in the EPS group than this in the non-EPS group (P < .001, regression coefficient = 3.19, and median regression). The GDS-15 scores were higher in the EPS group (P = .04, regression coefficient = 0.89, and median regression). Conclusion: The presence of EPS in patients with AD who were not receiving neuroleptic drugs was associated with more impaired basic and instrumental ADL functioning and with greater depression symptoms.
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Collections - Medicine > Department of Medicine > 1. Journal Articles
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