Implementation of the ABCDEF Bundle for Critically Ill ICU Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-National 1-Day Point Prevalence Study
- Authors
- Liu, K.[Liu, K.]; Nakamura, K.[Nakamura, K.]; Katsukawa, H.[Katsukawa, H.]; Nydahl, P.[Nydahl, P.]; Ely, E.W.[Ely, E.W.]; Kudchadkar, S.R.[Kudchadkar, S.R.]; Takahashi, K.[Takahashi, K.]; Elhadi, M.[Elhadi, M.]; Gurjar, M.[Gurjar, M.]; Leong, B.K.[Leong, B.K.]; Chung, C.R.[Chung, C.R.]; Balachandran, J.[Balachandran, J.]; Inoue, S.[Inoue, S.]; Lefor, A.K.[Lefor, A.K.]; Nishida, O.[Nishida, O.]
- Issue Date
- 28-Oct-2021
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media S.A.
- Keywords
- ABCDEF bundle; COVID-19; ICU diary; ICU liberation bundle; pandemic (COVID-19)
- Citation
- Frontiers in Medicine, v.8
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Frontiers in Medicine
- Volume
- 8
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/skku/handle/2021.sw.skku/90799
- DOI
- 10.3389/fmed.2021.735860
- ISSN
- 2296-858X
- Abstract
- Background: Data regarding delivery of evidence-based care to critically ill patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial but lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation rate of the ABCDEF bundle, which is a collection of six evidence-based ICU care initiatives which are strongly recommended to be incorporated into clinical practice, and ICU diaries for patients with and without COVID-19 infections in ICUs, and to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on implementation of each element of the bundle and independent associated factors. Methods: A world-wide 1-day point prevalence study investigated the delivery of the ABCDEF bundle and ICU diary to patients without or with COVID-19 infections on 27 January 2021 via an online questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for patient demographics evaluated the impact of COVID-19 and identified factors in ICU administrative structures and policies independently associated with delivery. Results: From 54 countries and 135 ICUs, 1,229 patients were eligible, and 607 (49%) had COVID-19 infections. Implementation rates were: entire bundle (without COVID-19: 0% and with COVID-19: 1%), Element A (regular pain assessment: 64 and 55%), Element B (both spontaneous awakening and breathing trials: 17 and 10%), Element C (regular sedation assessment: 45 and 61%), Element D (regular delirium assessment: 39 and 35%), Element E (exercise: 22 and 25%), Element F (family engagement/empowerment: 16 and 30%), and ICU diary (17 and 21%). The presence of COVID-19 was not associated with failure to implement individual elements. Independently associated factors for each element in common between the two groups included presence of a specific written protocol, application of a target/goal, and tele-ICU management. A lower income status country and a 3:1 nurse-patient ratio were significantly associated with non-implementation of elements A, C, and D, while a lower income status country was also associated with implementation of element F. Conclusions: Regardless of COVID-19 infection status, implementation rates for the ABCDEF bundle, for each element individually and an ICU diary were extremely low for patients without and with COVID-19 infections during the pandemic. Strategies to facilitate implementation of and adherence to the complete ABCDEF bundle should be optimized and addressed based on unit-specific barriers and facilitators. © Copyright © 2021 Liu, Nakamura, Katsukawa, Nydahl, Ely, Kudchadkar, Takahashi, Elhadi, Gurjar, Leong, Chung, Balachandran, Inoue, Lefor and Nishida.
- Files in This Item
- There are no files associated with this item.
- Appears in
Collections - Medicine > Department of Medicine > 1. Journal Articles
![qrcode](https://api.qrserver.com/v1/create-qr-code/?size=55x55&data=https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/skku/handle/2021.sw.skku/90799)
Items in ScholarWorks are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.