특집 : 고려전기 상서 6부의 판사 ` 지사제

Abstract

The Pansa and Jisa system of the Six Ministries in the Goreyo Dynasty was accepted the system in the Song dynasty. Compared with the system in the Song dynasty, however, it had difference in the method of operation and the function. That is, in the Song dynasty, Sangseo of the Six Ministries existed only in name. Actually the government official who had a different post carried out the business of Sangseo as an additional office. When the government official was higher than Sangseo in the official rank, he was called as Pansa, When the government official was lower than Sangseo, he was called as Jisa. In the Goreyo Dynasty, however, both the Six Ministries and Sangseos, the ministers, carried out their original function. Pansa or Jisa was not appointed instead of Sangseo, but was appointed as the upper or lower post independently of Sangseo. Also, Pansa or Jisa didn't substitute for the function of Sangseo, but took charge of the business of the ministry in company with Sangseo. The Pansa and Jisa system of the Six Ministries was operated from the period of King Sungjong. It was related to the policy to strengthen the royal authority. Pansa or Jisa was added to Sangseo, a minister, to check it. It had a purpose to keep Sangseo from being the sole lead in the ministry and to attempt the stability of the royal authority So far, it has been understood that all of the three posts were appointed together: Sangseo, Pansa taken charge of by the upper post, Jaesin, and Jisa taken charge of by the lower post. Actually, however, all of the three posts had never been appointed together. There were just two cases. One case is that just two posts, Pansa and Sangseo or Sangseo and Jisa, were appointed. The other case is that only two Sangseos were appointed. Therefore, Pansas of the Six Ministries were taken charged of as an additional post by the other officials that were higher than Sangseos in the third rank. Pansas of Six Ministries were held as an additional office by Jaesin and Sangseojoiwobokyha etc. who were in the higher rank. Meanwhile, there were a small number of the cases that Jisass of the Six Ministries were appointed. It is thought that Pansa who was higher than Sangseo was appointed much to check the power of Sangseo Jisa was taken charge of as an additional office by the official who was from Jung3pum(in the third rank) to Jong4pum (in the 66 역사와 현실 76fourth rank) who was lower than Sangseo. The function of Pansa took the overall responsibility for major business with Sangseo. The function of Jisa took the same responsibility as that of Pansa But Pansa or Jisa didn't carry out the same business that Sangseo, a minister,carried out because Pansa or Jisa were the additional offices. That is to say, Sangseo took charge of all business of the ministry as a minister. However, it is thought that Pansa or Jisa carried out a part of the business which was demanded to check the power of Sangseo because Pansa or Jisa took charge of the different post primarily. Like this, The Pansa and Jisa system of the Six Ministries had a function that it held Sangseo in check to prevent Sangseo from having a concentrated power and to result in the stability of the royal authority.