고려전기 군정 ․ 군령기구의 정비

Abstract

In the beginning of the Goryeo Dynasty, the affairs of the military command and the affairs of the military administration were separated. The former was taken over by Sunkunbu and the latter was taken over by the Ministry of the military affairs. During the period of King Sungjong, the Ministry of the military affairs was organized as the one part of the Six Departments under the Secretariat of State Affairs with the adoption of the Three Ministries and Six Departments System of the Tang Dynasty. In the beginning of the Goryeo Dynasty, the rankings among Guangpeungsung, Naebongsung, Kunbu and the Ministry of the military affairs were existed, but the vertical relations among them weren't existed. After the period of King Sungjong, however, the Chancellery for State Affairs as the office of the policy affairs and the Secretariat for State Affairs as the office of the political affairs were separated. And the Ministry of the military affairs was organized under the Secretariat of State Affairs. After the unification, the offices of the military administration around the Ministry of the military affairs were organized. Around the seventh year of King Sungjong′s reign, Cheh-chung-fu was established. And the military service system which was similar to the Fuping system of the Tang Dynasty was operated. In other words, the objects of military service who had financial means beyond a fixed level were conscripted. And their offerings had to take over military service. After the Khetan invasion in the period of King Hyunjong, the military service system was reorganized. To increase the number of soldiers, the government conscripted the objects who had not ability to take over the military service and provided the soldier′s land to them. This system was called as the Allotment of Land to Chosen Soldiers. Therefore, the new office called Seonkun took charge of the affairs of conscription which had been taken over by the Ministry of the military affairs. The offices of the military command were also organized. Sungunbu which was reorganized into Kunbu in the period of King Kwangjong continued to exist until the period of King Kyungjong. After the period of King Sungjong, however, the existence of Kunbu was not found any more. With the adoption of the Three Ministries and Six Departments System, the former government organizations were reorganized under the Three Ministries and Six Departments, but Sunkunbu could not be accepted within it. As a result, the function of Sunkunbu was moved to the Royal Secretariat which was modeled after Chumilwon of the Song Dynasty. The Royal Secretariat occupied the important position and was called as Jaechu Yangbu(Two Directorates) with the Chancellery for State Affairs from the beginning. The reason is that the Royal Secretariat as a machinery around a king took charge of not only the receipts and disbursements of the royal command, but also the affairs of the military command related to the confidential duties. In the 8th year of King Sungjong′s reign, the Military Commanders were established in the Two Frontiers. In the Two Frontiers, the accidents in which prompt military actions against the invaders should be taken happened frequently. Therefore, the rights to mobilize an army within the governing area were given to the Military Commanders. The central government built up the various systems to prevent the Military Commanders from abusing their military power and placed them under the command of the central government.