Polygenic scores, diet quality, and type 2 diabetes risk: An observational study among 35,759 adults from 3 US cohortsopen access
- Authors
- Merino, J.; Guasch-Ferré, M.; Li, J.; Chung, W.; Hu, Y.; Ma, B.; Li, Y.; Kang, J.H.; Kraft, P.; Liang, L.; Sun, Q.; Franks, P.W.; Manson, J.E.; Willet, W.C.; Florez, J.C.; Hu, F.B.
- Issue Date
- Apr-2022
- Publisher
- NLM (Medline)
- Citation
- PLoS medicine, v.19, no.4, pp.e1003972
- Journal Title
- PLoS medicine
- Volume
- 19
- Number
- 4
- Start Page
- e1003972
- URI
- http://scholarworks.bwise.kr/ssu/handle/2018.sw.ssu/42366
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003972
- ISSN
- 1549-1277
- Abstract
- BACKGROUND: Both genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes, but the extent to which there is a synergistic effect of the 2 factors is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the joint associations of genetic risk and diet quality with incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analyzed data from 35,759 men and women in the United States participating in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I (1986 to 2016) and II (1991 to 2017) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986 to 2016) with available genetic data and who did not have diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Genetic risk was characterized using both a global polygenic score capturing overall genetic risk and pathway-specific polygenic scores denoting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes after adjusting for potential confounders. With over 902,386 person-years of follow-up, 4,433 participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The relative risk of type 2 diabetes was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25, 1.32; P < 0.001) per standard deviation (SD) increase in global polygenic score and 1.13 (1.09, 1.17; P < 0.001) per 10-unit decrease in AHEI. Irrespective of genetic risk, low diet quality, as compared to high diet quality, was associated with approximately 30% increased risk of type 2 diabetes (Pinteraction = 0.69). The joint association of low diet quality and increased genetic risk was similar to the sum of the risk associated with each factor alone (Pinteraction = 0.30). Limitations of this study include the self-report of diet information and possible bias resulting from inclusion of highly educated participants with available genetic data. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence for the independent associations of genetic risk and diet quality with incident type 2 diabetes and suggest that a healthy diet is associated with lower diabetes risk across all levels of genetic risk.
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