중세 일본의 논어 훈독에 나타난 なり・たり 고찰

Abstract

This paper focuses on ‘nari’ and ‘tari’, which were used as assertive auxiliary verbs and ending of a nominal adjective in the diacritical material of Mubatsu-bon Lunyu Jijie vol. 1, which indicated the standard glossed reading of Lunyu in the Middle Ages of Japan. There are 75 examples of ‘nari’ used as an assertive auxiliary verb. Among these cases, 47 examples are used in the end form, which is most frequently used. Of these 47 examples of the end form, 27 examples do not show an empty word that performs assertion in the original Chinese sentences. Word classes that precede the assertive auxiliary verb ‘nari’ are nouns, verbs, conjugated words with attributive form, and adverbs. In the case of ‘nari’ connected with the attributive form of conjugated words, some are semantically similar with ‘noda’ in present Japanese as pointed out in previous studies, but it is also confirmed that some show a function to make a copula sentence with noun predicative complement. There are 15 examples where ‘tari’ is used as the assertive auxiliary verb and is attached to nouns. Among these, 8 examples are glossed on ‘爲’, which has a similar function with ‘tari’, in the original Chinese sentences. Further, there are 2 examples where ‘爲’ may be read as the verb‘naru’, but is read as ‘tari’. There are 66 examples of ‘nari’ that is used as an ending of a nominal adjective. Among these cases, Chinese characters in the stem are read in Kundoku (Japanese reading) in 20 examples and are read in Ondoku (Sino-Japanese reading) in 46 examples. In the case where the same Chinese character is used in stem, it was revealed that there is a difference in meaning between ‘Ondoku+nari’ and ‘Kundoku+nari’, and this is related to contexts of annotation of Lunyu Jijie. There are 50 examples of ‘tari’ used as an ending of a nominal adjective. It was revealed that ‘tari’ as an ending of a nominal adjective is glossed on the Chinese character for onomatopoeia representing a situation or state in classical Chinese. Further, all Chinese characters for stem are glossed with Sino-Japanese readings.