MRI traceability of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-embedded chitosan microspheres as an embolic material in rabbit uterus

Abstract

PURPOSE We aimed to compare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles with calibrated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle-loaded chitosan microspheres in a rabbit model, specifically regarding the relative distribution of embolic agents within the uterus based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathological evaluation. METHODS Twelve New Zealand white rabbits underwent uterine artery embolization using either standard PVA particles (45-150 mu m or 350-500 mu m) or calibrated SPIO-embedded chitosan microspheres (45-150 mu m or 300-500 mu m). MRI and histopathological findings were compared one week after embolization. RESULTS Calibrated SPIO-loaded chitosan microspheres 45-150 mu m in size were detected on T2-weighted images. On histological analysis, calibrated SPIO-embedded chitosan microspheres were found in both myometrium and endometrium, whereas PVA particles were found only in the perimyometrium or extrauterine fat pads. A proportional relationship was noted between the calibrated SPIO-embedded chitosan microsphere size and the size of the occluded artery. CONCLUSION Calibrated SPIO-embedded chitosan microspheres induced greater segmental arterial occlusion than PVA particles and showed great potential as a new embolic material. SPIO-embedded chitosan microspheres can be used to follow distribution of embolic particles through MRI studies.