Strong optical nonlinearity of CVD-grown MoS2 monolayer as probed by wavelength-dependent second-harmonic generation

Abstract

While noncentrosymmetric MoS2 monolayer is known to exhibit efficient second-harmonic generation (SHG), there is currently no agreement on its absolute nonlinear susceptibility x((2)), varying over three orders of magnitude according to recent experiments. In order to resolve this conflicting issue, we have studied the nonlinear optical properties of MoS2 monolayer grown by chemical vapor deposition. The polycrystalline nature of the monolayer was directly probed by the SHG polarization dependence across the grain boundaries using femtosecond pulses. Broadband wavelength-dependent SHG response (lambda = 1.1-2.0 mu m) using picosecond pulses was studied by comparing the relative SHG counts of MoS2 to quartz and incorporating the structural and optical characteristics of the monolayer. Significant nonlinear optical dispersion gives rise to x((2)) similar to 430 pm/V at 580 nm, where SHG is neither affected by any excitonic absorption/resonance nor by fundamental absorption. We also show that x((2)) must be derived from a thin bulk (sheet) optical nonlinearity and that the previous measurements are in fact all consistent, together with our measurements and first-principle calculations.