An epidermal growth factor derivative with binding affinity for hydroxyapatite and titanium surfaces

Abstract

An epidermal growth factor (EGF) derivative with affinity for apatite and titanium surfaces was designed using a peptide moiety derived from salivary statherin, a protein that adheres to hydroxyapatite. Since the active sequence has two phosphoserine residues, the EGF derivative was prepared by organic synthesis, and a 54 residue peptide was successfully prepared using this method. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that the conformation of EGF was not significantly altered by the addition of the affinity peptide sequence and the mitogenic activity was only slightly reduced when compared with the wild-type protein. However, the binding affinity of the modified EGF to hydroxyapatite and titanium was significantly higher than the unmodified EGF. The phosphate groups in the affinity sequence contributed to the affinity of modified EGF to both apatite and titanium. The modified EGF significantly enhanced the growth of cells on hydroxyapatite and titanium. It was also demonstrated that the bound EGF enhanced the signal transduction for longer periods than unbound EGF. In conclusion, the modified EGF had significantly higher binding affinity for apatite and titanium than soluble EGF, and the bound EGF significantly enhanced cell growth by long-lasting activation of intracellular signal transduction. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.