Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in ketamine-induced developmental neuroapoptosis in rats
- Authors
- Liu, J. R.; Baek, C.; Han, X. H.; Shoureshi, P.; Soriano, S. G.
- Issue Date
- Jun-2013
- Publisher
- OXFORD UNIV PRESS
- Keywords
- AKT; apoptosis; glycogen synthase kinase-3; ketamine; lithium; protein kinase B
- Citation
- BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA, v.110, no.SUPPL.1, pp i3 - i9
- Journal Title
- BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
- Volume
- 110
- Number
- SUPPL.1
- Start Page
- i3
- End Page
- i9
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/14598
- DOI
- 10.1093/bja/aet057
- ISSN
- 0007-0912
1471-6771
- Abstract
- Ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis has been attributed to diverse stress-related mechanisms. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional kinase that is active in neuronal development and linked to neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesized that ketamine would enhance GSK-3-induced neuroapopotosis, and that lithium, an inhibitor of GSK-3, would attenuate this response in vivo. Protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, protein kinase B (AKT), GSK-3, and cyclin D1 were measured in post-natal day 7 rat pups after 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 h exposure to ketamine. A cohort of rat pups was randomized to a 6 h exposure to ketamine with and without lithium. Neuroapoptosis was measured by cleaved caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling staining by immunohistochemistry. Protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and -9 and the total and phosphorylated forms of AKT, GSK-3, and cyclin D1 (cell cycle protein) were also measured. Ketamine produced a duration-dependent increase in cleaved caspase-3 and cyclin D1, which corresponded to decreases in phosphorylated AKT and GSK-3. Co-administration of lithium with ketamine attenuated this response. Ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis is associated with a temporal decrease in GSK-3 phosphorylation, and simultaneous administration of lithium mitigated this response. These findings suggest that GSK-3 is activated during this ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis.
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