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대한민국헌법의 성립과 변경 : 세기에 걸친 경험의 종합과 새로운 개혁의 모색How Was Our Constitution Created and Revised? : Generalizing Its Century-Old Experience and Finding New Ways for Reform

Authors
신우철
Issue Date
2018
Publisher
중앙대학교 법학연구원
Keywords
헌법; 대한민국; 헌법제정; 헌법변경; 헌법개정; constitution; Republic of Korea; constitution-making; constitutional change; constitutional revision
Citation
法學論文集, v.42, no.3, pp 5 - 44
Pages
40
Journal Title
法學論文集
Volume
42
Number
3
Start Page
5
End Page
44
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/18883
DOI
10.22853/caujls.2018.42.3.5
ISSN
1225-5726
Abstract
이 논문에서 저자는 1919년부터 현재까지 한 세기에 걸친 우리 헌법의 성립·변경의 역사적 경험을 통시적으로 추적했다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 여러 특징들을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 헌법 성립·변경의 계기 면에서, 그것은 국가의 독립이나 국민의 저항 또는 엘리트의 정변 내지 국회 의석분포의 획기적 변화와 같은 정치적 급변을 토대로 이루어졌다. 둘째, 헌법 성립·변경의 상황 면에서, 그것은 신중한 논의가 제대로 이루어질 수 없는 조건 하에 촉박한 시간적 일정으로 진행되었다. 셋째, 헌법 성립·변경의 절차 면에서, 신헌법의 입안자들은 이전의 헌법적 권위나 정당성을 가급적 활용하려는 실용적인 태도를 취했다. 넷째, 헌법 성립·변경의 형식면에서, 구헌법을 완전히 폐기하고 새 것으로 완전 교체하는 전면개정의 방식이 남발되었다. 다섯째, 헌법 성립·변경의 절차 면에서, 이를 주도한 기관(대통령·국회)이나 정파(정당)의 제도적·집단적 이익이 강하게 작용했다. 이상의 분석을 근거로 저자는 현행헌법의 가능한 개정방법으로서, 소규모 헌법회의와 국민투표의 결합에 의한 부분개헌의 방식을 제안했다.
How did “We the People of Korea” create and revise our Constitution? In this Article, I traced the almost-century old history of constitution-making and constitutional change in Korea, and found some common characteristics of the Korean experience. First, constitutional changes were made under such extraordinary circumstances as national liberation, civil resistance, military coup or dramatical change of congressional seats. In most cases the revision of the constitution meant the normative approval of political fait accompli rather than the normative creation of new political order. Second, constitutional changes were attempted in urgent situations, and therefore suffered from lack of careful deliberation. In bad circumstances, it’s difficult for us to revise the constitution successfully, in good circumstances, however, it’s unnecessary for us to revise the constitution at all. Third, the authority of the existing constitution was preferably respected in making any new constitution. Nevertheless, the form of “complete revision” was chosen more often than that of “partial revision.” Forth, the institutional interests of the president and the congress were important factors in the process of constitution-making and constitutional change, with the exception of Article 129 Paragraph 2 of the Constitution of 1980 and Chapter 6 of the Constitution of 1987. The group interests of political parties and factions also played important roles. Based on the above characteristics, I suggested a possible way of revising the Constitution of 1987: a small-sized constitutional convention should be organized and a partial revision should be ratified by a national referendum.
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