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헌신의 대가: 한국전쟁 중국군 포로의 귀국 이후 삶

Authors
이사사손준식
Issue Date
2018
Publisher
호남사학회
Keywords
한국전쟁; 중국군포로; 본국 송환; 반우파투쟁; 문화대혁명; Korean War; Chinese Prisoners; Anti-Rightist Campaign; Cultural Revolution
Citation
역사학연구, no.72, pp 257 - 285
Pages
29
Journal Title
역사학연구
Number
72
Start Page
257
End Page
285
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/2381
ISSN
1975-2431
Abstract
1950년 발발한 한국전쟁은 유엔군과 중국군의 개입으로 국제전으로 확대되었고 포로문제로 정전이 지연됨으로써 3년 이상 전투가 계속되었다. 긴 협상과 곡절 끝에 중국군 포로 중 1만4천여 명은 대만을 선택하였고 7천여 명만 본국으로 되돌아왔다. 수용소 생활과 귀국 투쟁을 이겨내고 송환된 중국군 포로들은 심사를 거친 후 대부분 당적과 군적을 박탈당하고 고향으로 돌려보내졌다. 귀향 후 포로였다는 이유로 취업과 승진 및 진학이 어려웠을 뿐 아니라 가족들도 백안시당하였다. 특히 반우파투쟁과 문화대혁명 시기 叛徒, 特務, 間諜 취급을 받으며 잔혹한 비판투쟁 속에 목숨을 잃거나 스스로 생을 마감하기도, 온 식구가 下放당하기도 하였다. 문혁 종결 후 명예회복과 복권을 위해 노력한 결과, 1980년 중공 中央軍事委의 귀국 포로 문제에 관한 재심사 의견을 이끌어내었지만 아직도 당적과 군적 및 합당한 대우를 회복하지 못한 사람들이 다수를 차지하고 있다. 본 연구는 참전 당시 “가장 아름다운 사람”으로 칭송되던 이들이 귀국 후 “가장 부끄러운 사람”으로 전락하게 된 이유와 배경을 분석하고 그들이 겪은 불행한 삶의 片鱗을 재구성함으로써 전쟁이 남긴 또 다른 상흔을 드러내보이고자 했다.
After the intervention of the United Nations forces and Chinese troops in late 1950, the Korean War became an international war. Due to the problem about how to deal with the repatriation of prisoners, the armistice agreement could not be achieved for a long time and the war continued over three years. After the long-term negotiations and compromises were concluded, more than fourteen thousand prisoners were willing to go to Taiwan, while seven thousand prisoners went back to the Chinese mainland. After rough repatriation and strict examination, those combing back to China mostly were expelled from the Communist Party of China and then sent home. After returning to their hometowns, they could not get jobs or enter the higher school, needless to say that they had no opportunities to be promoted to higher positions. Moreover, their families and relatives suffered from the discrimination in society. During the Cultural Revolution and Anti-Rightist Campaign, they were regarded as traitors and spies. Suffering from the self-criticism, some prisoners persecuted, some who could not bear insult committed suicide, and some families were demoted. After the Cultural Revolution, their reputations and rights had been restored, and the Chinese Communist Party Central Military Commission indicated in 1980 to re-examine the problem of returned prisoners. Nonetheless, most of them have not still regained the party membership, military status, and normal treatment. This paper is designed to analyze the reasons and backgrounds of those people who experienced twist and turns from the loveliest men to the shameful ones. And it will state their misfortunes one by one and show the other kind of torture left by the Korean War.
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