Bifactor Approach to Modeling Multidimensionality of Physical Self-Perception Profile

Abstract

The multi-dimensionality of Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) has been acknowledged by the use of correlated-factor model and second-order model. In this study, the authors critically endorse the bifactor model, as a substitute to address the multi-dimensionality of PSPP. To cross-validate the models, analyses are conducted first in exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) framework with a randomly selected subsample and then in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) framework with a second subsample. Results from both ESEM and CFA analyses suggest that bifactor model is the best-fitted model. A general physical self-esteem factor and four domain specific factors are identified with the bifactor model. Coefficient omega hierarchical of the general factor is .86. The omega(s) of the specific factors are .19, .20, .59, and .29, respectively. Gender difference at both general factor level and domain specific factor level is examined within the bifactor model. Discussions of the use and limitations of bifactor model as well as ESEM are provided.