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1960년대의 민속학과 ‘민(民)’Folklore in 1960s and Min (民)

Authors
임장혁
Issue Date
2013
Publisher
한국민속학회
Keywords
emergent culture; transmitted culture; common people; ordinary people; present study; 잔존문화; 민간전승문화; 서민; 민간; 현재학
Citation
한국민속학, v.57, pp 63 - 99
Pages
37
Journal Title
한국민속학
Volume
57
Start Page
63
End Page
99
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/27246
ISSN
1229-6953
Abstract
민속학사에 있어서 1960년대는 문화인류학회, 민속학회, 한국민속학회 등이 창립되어 민속학의 학문적 체계를 갖추고 발전을 모색했던 시기였다. 당시에 민속학계를 주도하던 학자들은 국문학과 출신들로서 설화, 민요의 연구에서 시발하여 독학으로 민속학, 민속학, 인류학 등의 서적을 통해 민속학의 구상하였다. 따라서 학자에 따라 민속학을 독립학문 또는 국문학이나 역사학의 보조학문으로 상정하고 연구하였고 민속의 범위와 분야를 제시하였다. 민속의 개념을 학자에 따라 잔존문화, 민간전승문화, 전통적 지식과 기술 등으로 정립하였다. 한편 ‘민’은 서민, 민간 등으로 규정하여 양반과 천민의 중간계층인 실체적 개념으로 대체로 이해코자하였으며, 미래 전망적 능동적인 민중인 문화적 개념으로서 정립하려는 의견도 있었다. 이러한 학자들 간에 민속학의 성격이나 개념에 관한 이견은 1970년에 ‘한국민속학의 방향’에 관한 학술회의에 논쟁이 되었다. 즉 민속학은 현재학을 토대로 한 사회과학으로 선회하려는 노력이 강구되었다.
In terms of folklore history, the 1960s laid the groundwork for academic development, and various academies, such as the Society for Cultural Anthropology, the Folklore Society, and the Korean Folklore Society, were created. In those days, most leading folklorists had a Korean literature background; therefore, research focused on oral traditions and folksongs. Since then, scholars formulated the Korean Folklore Study based on foreign folklore and anthropology books. As a result of this tendency, some scholars defined folklore as an independent study, whereas others considered it an auxiliary subject to history and/or Korean literature. This difference caused the creation of different scopes and domains of folk culture. Depending on the scholar making the definition, the concept of folk culture had many definitions, including emergent culture, transmitted culture, and traditional knowledge and skills. Moreover, the min (民, literally people) was labeled as ‘common people’, so it was understood that they were middle class, between the yangban (noblemen) and the cheonmin (low class). Also the min was considered an active body participating to the future of culture. These gaps about folklore’s characteristics and concepts were discussed during an academic conference (Korean Folklore’s Way) in the 1970s. In other words, there has been a movement for Korean folklore to return to the social sciences, based on the present study.
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