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재소(在蘇) 고려문인들의 북한문학 형성기의 활동과 역할 -조기천을 중심으로-The activity and roles of Koryo literary men in USSR of forming North Korean literature - Focusing on Jo Ki Cheon -

Authors
김낙현
Issue Date
2011
Publisher
우리문학회
Keywords
Koryo literary men in USSR; Jo Ki Cheon; North Korean literature; socialism; ethnic sense; 在蘇 고려문인들; 趙基天; 북한문학; 사회주의; 민족의식
Citation
우리문학연구, no.34, pp 215 - 246
Pages
32
Journal Title
우리문학연구
Number
34
Start Page
215
End Page
246
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/27537
ISSN
1229-7429
Abstract
해방 직후 소련은 북한을 조기에 사회주의화시키기 위하여 노어와조선어에 능한 趙基天, 鄭律, 田東赫, 奇石福 등 在蘇 고려문인들을 북한에 파견한다. 이들은 북한문학 형성기에 소련의 문학과 문화, 예술 등을 傳授하는 핵심적인 역할을 담당하였다. 재소 고려문인들은 해방 직후 유력한 작품발표의 매체였던 『조선신문』과『조·쏘문화』를 통해 수많은 소련의 작품들을 소개하고 북한문학이 나아갈 방향을 제시하였다. 특히 趙基天은 북한문학 형성기에 중추적인 역할을 하였던 재소 고려문인이었다. 그의 시『땅의 노래』는 북한에서 토지개혁을 소재로 한 최초의 북한 서정서사시였으며, 장편서사시 『白頭山』은 항일문학의 전범을 제시한 작품으로서 북한문학이 나아갈 방향을 제시한 작품이었다. 북한이 소련을 모델로 설정하여 사회주의를 건설하는 과정에서, 이처럼 재소 고려문인들이 초기 북한문학 형성기에 중요한 활동과 역할을할 수 있었던 요인은 무엇보다도 소련에서 사회주의 건설과정을 先驗했던 자산과 노어와 조선어에 능했기 때문이었다. 이들은 북한에 파견되기 전에 이미 사회주의 이념과 민족의식을 체득한 상태에서 문학 활동을 하고 있는 상태였다.
USSR dispatched Koryo literary men who were fluent in Russian and Korean and lived in USSR such as Jo Ki Cheon, Jung Ryul, Jeon Dong Hyuk, Ki Seok Bok, et al to North Korea so as to promptly socialize North Korea immediately after emancipation. They were in charge of the main role to propagate the literature, culture, art, etc of USSR when the North Korean literature was being formed. The Koryo literary men in USSR introduced many USSR works and presented the direction to which the North Korean literature was to advance through 『Chosun Newspaper』 and 『Korea·USSR Culture』,the influential media of announcing works immediately after emancipation. Especially, Jo Ki Cheon was a Koryo literary man in USSR who played the pivotal role when the North Korean literature was being formed. His poem 『Song of land』 was the first North Korean lyrical and epic poem taking land reformation as materials in North Korea. As the work that presented the typical example of anti-Japan literature, the long epic 『Mt. Baekdu』 presented the direction to which the North Korean literature would move. When North Korea constructed socialism by establishing USSR as model, the Koryo literary men in USSR could play significant role with activity to form the North Korean literature in early stage, because they had their assets to experience the construction of socialism in USSR and were fluent in Russian and Korean. Before they were dispatched to North Korea, they already performed literary activity as they acquired the idea of socialism and ethnic sense.
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