19세기 영소설에 나타난 두 문화의 갈등과 통섭연구: 『지킬 박사와 하이드』와 『주홍색 연구』를 중심으로

Abstract

This paper addresses Victorian people's responses to the two cultures, science and culture. As writers liked to get intellectually engaged with scientific development and its influence on the society and the people, their views of the development in that period are also reflected well in the two Victorian novels, Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and Arthur Conan Doyle's A Study in Scarlet. For that purpose, key contents in the texts have been considered: the scientific attitudes of two doctors, Dr. Jekyll and Dr. Lanyon, Sherlock Holme's scientific inclination, and the deductive methods in his detective achievement, and the influence of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the writers and the characters. In the 19th century, the Darwin's theory caused the intellectual conflicts between each camp of science and culture while it brought out the new epistemological and ontological awakening to the contemporary people. A change of the general view of 'science' and 'culture' over the late 19th and early 20th centuries has also been discussed along with theories of several critics, Matthew Arnold, T. H. Huxley, P. B. Snow, George Levine, and Edward Wilson. This study is sure to provide a valuable opportunity to rethink over the recent crisis of humanity studies, caused by the assumed superiority of science and technology. Of course, humanity studies and culture should not be trivialized, but, in order to achieve this, we need to gain the genuine capability of thinking of the two cultures in consilient terms because we have to end the ever-present conflict between the two cultures.