Novel S-Bend Resonator Based on a Multi-Mode Waveguide with Mode Discrimination for a Refractive Index Sensor
- Authors
- Kim, Do-Hyun; Jeon, Su-Jin; Lee, Jae-Sang; Hong, Seok-Ho; Choi, Young Wan
- Issue Date
- Aug-2019
- Publisher
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
- Keywords
- mode discrimination; multi-mode waveguide; S-bend resonator; refractive index sensor; integrated optical sensor
- Citation
- Sensors, v.19, no.16
- Journal Title
- Sensors
- Volume
- 19
- Number
- 16
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/39014
- DOI
- 10.3390/s19163600
- ISSN
- 1424-8220
1424-8220
- Abstract
- In this paper, a multi-mode waveguide-based optical resonator is proposed for an integrated optical refractive index sensor. Conventional optical resonators have been studied for single-mode waveguide-based resonators to enhance the performance, but mass production is limited owing to the high fabrication costs of nano-scale structures. To overcome this problem, we designed an S-bend resonator based on a micro-scale multi-mode waveguide. In general, multi-mode waveguides cannot be utilized as optical resonators, because of a performance degradation resulting from modal dispersion and an output transmission with multi-peaks. Therefore, we exploited the mode discrimination phenomenon using the bending loss, and the resulting S-bend resonator yielded an output transmission without multi-peaks. This phenomenon is utilized to remove higher-order modes efficiently using the difference in the effective refractive index between the higher-order and fundamental modes. As a result, the resonator achieved a Q-factor and sensitivity of 2.3 <mml:semantics>x</mml:semantics> 10(3) and 52 nm/RIU, respectively, using the variational finite-difference time-domain method. These results show that the multi-mode waveguide-based S-bend resonator with a wide line width can be utilized as a refractive index sensor.
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