일본 재군비 과정에서 제국군인의 역할과 위상 －연합국총사령부(General headquarters) 復員局내의 ‘핫도리(服部) 그룹’을 중심으로－

Abstract

After the war, the U.S. Army purged from public service dismantled all the institutions of the army and navy, and expelled the army and navy officers in order to realize non-militarization of Japan. On November 30, 1945, after abolishing the board of army and navy, military institutions virtually became extinct. But the U.S. Army made the Japanese military's ability by military requirements partially maintain, and under dissolution and disarmament of the Japanese armed forces, Japanese military old officers associated with these features acted as intermediaries with the U.S. Army. Especially as time passes, cooperating into the U.S. military through configuring of each institution in the range recognized by the U.S. military, and also carrying out discussing Japan's security and the rearmament of Japan in the future. Among them, Hattori group mainly studied on the rearmament of Japan. The zenith of this study was two years from 1948 to 49 years. Hattori group's research policy was to studying the main reasons and deficiency of the military defeat of Greater East Asia War and exploring the form of the existence of rectified newly Japanese Army. In this process, as soon as Korean War outbreaking, the U.S. immediately decided on military intervention into the Korean Peninsula. And MacArthur delivered to the Japanese government on July 8. letter directed the establishment of Police Reserve Force for the replacement the U.S. troops sent to South Korea. The Hattori group was deeply involved in the establishment of Police Reserve Force, however the organization had very likely been operating as an American style because it was created by American Advisory Group. It was to not resurface the forces' nature of Police Reserve Force. However, the case of a police in an executive position since the San Francisco Peace Treaty, the experienced people of the military service was beyond the 90 percentage. Since then, the adoption of old soldiers continued and police, old soldiers become an important location for 10 years after the beginning of Police Reserve Force. That is, as the nature and role of Police Reserve Force changing, the old soldiers' enlistment became more aggressive participation even over colonel as well as a mid-level officers. Formally, the rearmament of the Japan was not the resurrection of old Japanese Army, but the regulation built by Korean War and Reverse course of Occupation policy of the U.S. without relating with old Japanese Army. However, the Self-Defense Forces has actually the characteristic showing a strong continuity with old Japanese Army in many ways. Especially, since the beginning of Police reserve force, the enlistment of large number of executive officers will a clear evidence determining such continuity.