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근대 호적제도의 변화가 종중촌락의 관습에 미친 영향 - 경북 김천시 구성면의 사례를 중심으로-

Authors
이대화
Issue Date
Nov-2017
Publisher
한국민속학회
Keywords
modern family register system; equlization; civil registrar law; Joseon family register order; name‐changing program by Imperial Japan; domicile of origin; family customs; single‐lineage village; 근대 호적제도; 평준화; 균질화; 민적법; 조선호적령; 창씨개명; 본적; 가족관습; 동성촌락
Citation
한국민속학, v.66, pp 197 - 238
Pages
42
Journal Title
한국민속학
Volume
66
Start Page
197
End Page
238
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/5290
DOI
10.21318/TKF.2017.5.65.7
ISSN
1229-6953
Abstract
이 논문은 법제와 민속의 상관관계를 살펴보기 위해 근대 호적제도가 가족관습의 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 분석하였다. 실증적인 연구를 위해 경상북도 김천시 구성면에 속한 동성촌락의 제적부 자료를 사례로 삼았다. 근대 호적제도가 가족관습에 변화를 준 요인은 ‘평준화’와 ‘균질화’로 요약할 수 있다. 신분제를 부정하고, 모든 호주에게 포괄적인 가독권을 부여하여 가족의 규모와 구성에 상관없이 표준적인 형태를 유지하도록 하여 통치권력이 미치는 단위로 기능하도록 강제하였다. 따라서 신분과 경제력에 따라 핵가족 규모로부터 대가족에 이르기까지 다양한 형태의 ‘호’를 구성했던 전근대와 달리, 근대 호적제도 아래에서의 ‘호’는 확대가족 이하로 법제화되었다. 그러한 법제적 변화를 시기적으로 살펴봄으로써 가족관습에 작용하는 법제의 변화를 살펴보았다. 그에 따라 전통적인 대가족제도를 유지하려는 관습과 호적법제 사이의 상호작용이 발생하였다. 근대 호적제도와 함께 도입된 ‘본적’이라는 개념을 활용하는 양상을 분석하여, 동성촌락에서는 거주지에 상관없이 대종가나 차종가에 두는 경향이 우세하였다. 이는 대가족과 종중의 결속을 유지하려는 의도에서 나타난 결과이다. 또한 1940년대에 강요된 ‘창씨개명’ 양상을 통해 20세기 중반의 ‘집’의 범위를 고찰하였다. 일본 가족제도의 근간인 씨제도를 이식하려는 시도였던 ‘창씨개명’은 한국의 전통적 가족제도를 근간에서 뒤흔드는 법제적 변화였으므로, 가족관습과 법제의 충돌이 극대화된 사례이다. 한국의 성씨관념을 최대한 잔존시키려는 관습적 시도가 이어졌는데, 분석 결과를 통해 대략 4촌 내외의 범위로 동일한 씨를 사용하려는 경향이 확인되었다.
This article analyzed the effects of the modern family register system on the change of family customs to examine the relationship between the legal system and the folklife. For the purpose of empirical research, the data of Jejeokbu (removed family registers) of single‐lineage village belonging to Guseong‐myeon, Gimcheon‐city, Gyeongbuk province were taken as a case. The cause of modern family register system that has changed family customs is the 'equlization'. The class was denied and a comprehensive headship of a family were given to all family heads, and they were organized into a standardized form regardless of the size and composition of the family. Thus, unlike the pre‐modern period in which various forms of 'ho' (family in law) were constituted from the nuclear family to the extended family according to their status and economic power, 'Ho' under the modern family register system was institutionalized under the extended family. This study summarized these temporal changes and examined changes in institutions that affect family customs. There has therefore been an interaction between the practice of maintaining a traditional extended family system and the family register system. The pattern of using the concept of 'domicile of origin' introduced with the modern family register system was analyzed and it was predominant in the single‐lineage village to have the first head family or second head family regardless of the residence. This is the result of intentions to maintain the unity of a large family. This study also examined the extent of the 'house' in the mid‐20th century through the 'Name‐changing program by Imperial Japan' pattern imposed in the 1940s. The 'Name‐changing program by Imperial Japan', an attempt to transplant the Uji‐system, which is the foundation of the Japanese family system, was a systematic change in the traditional Korean family system, so that it was the case in which the conflict was to be maximized between the family customs and the legal system. There was a customary attempt to maximally remain the Korean family concept, and according to the analysis, there was a tendency to use the same ssi (family name) within the range of about 4 chon (cousin) villages.
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