Amplification of Vitamin D-2 in the White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) by UV-B Irradiation and Jet-Milling for Its Potential Use as a Functional Ingredient

Abstract

The objective of this study was to amplify vitamin D-2 in white button mushrooms using ultraviolet (UV-B) irradiation and to prepare a vitamin D-2-fortified superfine mushroom powder through jet milling. Mushrooms irradiated with UV-B for 30 min had a vitamin D-2 concentration of 8.19 mu g/g, an amount about 400 times greater than that of the control (0.02 mu g/g). The vitamin D-2-fortified mushrooms were then freeze-dried and conventionally ground or jet-milled to obtain coarse (Dv(50) = 231 mu m), fine (Dv(50) = 106.3 mu m), and superfine (Dv(50) = 7.1 mu m) powders. The vitamin D-2 content was retained during the preparation of the powders. The physical characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and hydration properties. The superfine powder of vitamin D-2-amplified mushrooms was suitable for use as a functional ingredient because its roughness was significantly reduced, and it had a neutral aroma and taste as determined by descriptive analysis.