High-resolution processing and sigmoid fusion modules for efficient detection of small objects in an embedded system

Abstract

Recent advances in deep learning realized accurate, robust detection of various types of objects including pedestrians on the road, defect regions in the manufacturing process, human organs in medical images, and dangerous materials passing through the airport checkpoint. Specifically, small object detection implemented as an embedded system is gaining increasing attention for autonomous vehicles, drone reconnaissance, and microscopic imagery. In this paper, we present a light-weight small object detection model using two plug-in modules: (1) high-resolution processing module (HRPM) and (2) sigmoid fusion module (SFM). The HRPM efficiently learns multi-scale features of small objects using a significantly reduced computational cost, and the SFM alleviates mis-classification errors due to spatial noise by adjusting weights on the lost small object information. Combination of HRPM and SFM significantly improved the detection accuracy with a low amount of computation. Compared with the original YOLOX-s model, the proposed model takes a two-times higher-resolution input image for higher mean average precision (mAP) using 57% model parameters and 71% computation in Gflops. The proposed model was tested using real drone reconnaissance images, and provided significant improvement in detecting small vehicles. © 2023, The Author(s).