Botulinum Toxin Injection-Site Selection for a Smooth Shoulder Line: An Anatomical Study
- Authors
- Lee, Je Hun; Lee, Key Youn; Kim, Ji Young; Son, Woo Hyeon; Jeong, Ji Heun; Jeong, Young Gil; Kwon, Seongoh; Han, Seung Ho
- Issue Date
- Jan-2017
- Publisher
- HINDAWI LTD
- Citation
- BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, v.2017
- Journal Title
- BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
- Volume
- 2017
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/6181
- DOI
- 10.1155/2017/3092720
- ISSN
- 2314-6133
2314-6141
- Abstract
- Introduction. This study aimed to improve the accuracy of manual needle placement into the trapezius (TM) for smooth shoulder line. Methods. For macroscopic study 12 TMs and for microscopic study 4 cadavers were detached and then sampled, 1 * 1cm at the four points from the origin to insertion site (0% at the most lateral point of external occipital protuberance and 100% at the most lateral point of acromion). Results. Most of the nerve endings observed during macroscopic investigations were concentrated in the 60-80% region, and the second most distributed region was the 40-60% region. The microscopic results revealed that the 60-80% region on the reference line had the most dense neuromuscular junction area, while the 40-60% and 80-100% areas were similar in their neuromuscular junction densities. Discussion. These anatomical results will be useful in clinical settings especially for cosmetic surgeons.
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