Antimicrobial activity of 405 nm light-emitting diode (LED) in the presence of riboflavin against Listeria monocytogenes on the surface of smoked salmon

Abstract

This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of 405 nm light-emitting diode (LED) with and without riboflavin against Listeria monocytogenes in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and on smoked salmon at different storage temperatures and evaluated its impact on food quality. The results show that riboflavin-mediated LED illumination in PBS 25 degrees C significantly inactivated L. monocytogenes cells by 6.2 log CFU/mL at 19.2 J/cm(2), while illumination alone reduced 1.9 log CFU/mL of L. monocytogenes populations at 57.6 J/cm(2). L. monocytogenes populations on illuminated smoked salmon decreased by 1.0-2.2 log CFU/cm(2) at 1.27-2.76 kJ/cm(2) at 4, 12, and 25 degrees C, regardless of the presence of riboflavin. Although illumination with and without riboflavin caused the lipid peroxidation and color change in smoked salmon, this study demonstrates the potential of a 405 nm LED to preserve the smoked salmon products, reducing the risk of listeriosis.