Mechanically robust and high-performance ternary solar cells combining the merits of all-polymer and fullerene blends
- Authors
- Lee, Wonho; Kim, Jae-Han; Kim, Taesu; Kim, Seonha; Lee, Changyeon; Kim, Jin-Seong; Ahn, Hyungju; Kim, Taek-Soo; Kim, Bumjoon J.
- Issue Date
- Mar-2018
- Publisher
- ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A, v.6, no.10, pp 4494 - 4503
- Pages
- 10
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
- Volume
- 6
- Number
- 10
- Start Page
- 4494
- End Page
- 4503
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/63894
- DOI
- 10.1039/c7ta11382j
- ISSN
- 2050-7488
2050-7496
- Abstract
- In this study, we demonstrate that the introduction of small amounts of phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) into all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) increases the photovoltaic performance without compromising mechanical properties. Ternary blend polymer solar cells (ternary-PSCs) consisting of a polymer donor (PTB7-Th) and an acceptor mixture with different weight ratios of a polymeric acceptor (P(NDI2HD-T2)) and PC71BM demonstrate the effects of PC71BM loading on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical properties. A significant enhancement in the PCEs of ternary-PSCs, from 6.32% to 7.33%, is observed when PC71BM is added into the active layer as up to 30 wt% of the acceptor mixture. Importantly, the excellent mechanical properties (i.e., crack onset strain = 11.6%, toughness 1/4 2237 J m(-3)) of the blend films are well preserved at PC71BM loadings at or below 30 wt%. In contrast, both the PCE and the mechanical performance of the ternary-PSCs significantly decrease at higher PC71BM loadings (> 50 wt%). Detailed morphological analysis via grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements reveals that PC71BM molecules are well-dispersed in the amorphous portion of the active layer at PC71BM loadings up to 30 wt%. Therefore, both the mechanical and photovoltaic performances of the ternary-PSCs correlate closely with their morphological behavior, particularly in terms of the mixing behavior of PC71BM with polymers. The well-dispersed PC71BM molecules in the amorphous polymer domains facilitate efficient exciton dissociation, whereas the formation of PC71BM aggregates above a critical concentration causes severe mechanical degradation of the ternary-PSCs due to the presence of weak interfaces between the brittle PC71BM and polymer domains. Therefore, the ternary blends with optimal content of polymer/fullerene acceptors represent important candidates for flexible and wearable solar cells that require both high mechanical and photovoltaic performances.
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