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Dynamically adjustable foot-ground contact model to estimate ground reaction force during walking and running

Authors
Jung, YihwanJung, MoonkiRyu, JiseonYoon, SukhoonPark, Sang-KyoonKoo, Seungbum
Issue Date
Mar-2016
Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
Keywords
Gait; Skeletal simulation; Ground reaction force; Contact model; Dynamic adjustment
Citation
GAIT & POSTURE, v.45, pp 62 - 68
Pages
7
Journal Title
GAIT & POSTURE
Volume
45
Start Page
62
End Page
68
URI
https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/cau/handle/2019.sw.cau/64307
DOI
10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.01.005
ISSN
0966-6362
1879-2219
Abstract
Human dynamic models have been used to estimate joint kinetics during various activities. Kinetics estimation is in demand in sports and clinical applications where data on external forces, such as the ground reaction force (GRF), are not available. The purpose of this study was to estimate the GRF during gait by utilizing distance- and velocity-dependent force models between the foot and ground in an inverse-dynamics-based optimization. Ten males were tested as they walked at four different speeds on a force plate-embedded treadmill system. The full-GRF model whose foot-ground reaction elements were dynamically adjusted according to vertical displacement and anterior-posterior speed between the foot and ground was implemented in a full-body skeletal model. The model estimated the vertical and shear forces of the GRF from body kinematics. The shear-GRF model with dynamically adjustable shear reaction elements according to the input vertical force was also implemented in the foot of a full-body skeletal model. Shear forces of the GRF were estimated from body kinematics, vertical GRF, and center of pressure. The estimated full GRF had the lowest root mean square (RMS) errors at the slow walking speed (1.0 m/s) with 4.2, 1.3, and 5.7% BW for anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and vertical forces, respectively. The estimated shear forces were not significantly different between the full-GRF and shear-GRF models, but the RMS errors of the estimated knee joint kinetics were significantly lower for the shear-GRF model. Providing COP and vertical GRF with sensors, such as an insole-type pressure mat, can help estimate shear forces of the GRF and increase accuracy for estimation of joint kinetics. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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