원인지각 이론의 이해

Abstract

An attribution is an explanation or inference that a person makes about why he or she or another person behaved in a certain way or why a certain interpersonal event took place. Attribution theories attempt to describe the kinds of attributions that people typically produce, the processes through which they arrive at these attributions, and the consequences that different types of attributions have for their mental and social lives. Attribution theorists often classify causal attributions into two broad categories. Internal(or dispositional) inferences about a person's characteristics, such as his or her personality, ability, or effort. External(or situational) are inferences about factors external to the person that might have elicited the behavior, such as luck, other peoples' actions, or a task the person has to perform. Weiner, an attribution theorist, identified three dimension of causality: locus of causality, controllability and stability. There is no single, monolithic theory of attribution process. The major theories are Heider's naive psychology, Jones and Davis's correspondent inferences theory, Kelley's model of attribution process and Weiner's attribution theory of achievement motivation and emotion.