MRETDC: Multi-Level Residual Energy Weight Threshold for Dramatic Change Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

In the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) design, the longevity of the network is one of the most vital factors. Since all the sensor nodes that are placed in the sensing area have a limitation in battery lifetime and are usually situated in a distant or hazardous area. Thus, battery replacement is a difficult task to process. An efficient protocol design is important to extend the network lifetime. This paper is an improvement of the existing threshold-sensitive stable election protocol (TSEP) that executes a probability weight on residual energy for the cluster head selection process. In the proposed protocol, the sensor nodes are categorized into four different initial energies called normal, intermediate, advanced, and extreme nodes. The simulation result shows that the proposed protocol has better performance than SEP and TSEP protocols. The improvement in terms of stability period is approximately increased by 170% and 30% in comparison to SEP and TSEP, respectively. The performance in terms of network lifetime is approximately increased by 280% and 20% in comparison to SEP and TSEP, respectively.