동북삼릉과 명 · 청 황릉의 풍수환경 비교Comparison of Feng shui Circumstance of the Northeast Three Tombs and Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
- Other Titles
- Comparison of Feng shui Circumstance of the Northeast Three Tombs and Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
- Authors
- 윤효진; 박정해
- Issue Date
- Sep-2016
- Publisher
- 중국연구센터
- Keywords
- 명⋅청 황릉; 동북삼릉; 풍수; 청조; 만주족; Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties; the Northeast Three Tombs; Feng shui, the Qing Government; Manchu People(滿洲族)
- Citation
- 中國과 中國學, v.28, pp 133 - 159
- Pages
- 27
- Indexed
- KCI
- Journal Title
- 中國과 中國學
- Volume
- 28
- Start Page
- 133
- End Page
- 159
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/114641
- DOI
- 10.17935/Chinan.2016.28..133
- ISSN
- 1598-8465
- Abstract
- 본 논문은 청의 동북삼릉과 명⋅청 황릉의 차이에 대해 살펴보았다.
청릉은 명릉의 건설규정을 차용하였으나, 시대상황과 민족적인 특성의차이 때문에 건설과정에서 자기민족만의 독특한 풍격을 결합하였고, 여러 요인들이 복합되는 과정을 통해 청릉의 건축형식과 풍격은 명릉과 같지 않았다. 이와 같이 청조가 명릉과 다르게 조성할 수밖에 없었던 배경에는 정치⋅경제⋅문화적인 이유가 각각 존재하였다. 먼저 정치적인 이유로는 농민군들의 반란으로 망한 명조와는 차별화 전략을 통해 민심을안정시켜야만 했다. 소수민족인 만주족이 대다수를 차지한 한족을 설득하기 위해서는 지나치게 큰 능을 조성하는데 많은 공력을 쏟을 수는 없었다. 경제적인 이유도 무시할 수 없는 상황이었다. 오랜 수탈과 전쟁으로 인해 피폐해진 경제상황을 고려하지 않을 수 없었고, 명릉처럼 무조건 크게만 조성할 수는 더욱 없었다. 또한 청조는 새로운 왕조의 건설에보다 많은 경제력을 집중해야 했기 때문에 호화롭고 큰 능을 조성할 여력을 갖고 있지 않았다. 문화적인 차이도 존재했는데, 만주족은 도광제가 말한 대로 검소함을 추구하는 법조있는 민족이었다. 즉, 화려함을 추구하는 명의 한족과는 다른 문화적 차이가 있었다. 이상과 같이 청릉은명릉과 달리 정치, 경제, 문화적 차이를 바탕으로 나름 독특한 청조만의문화를 창조하였다.
In this study, the difference has been examined between the Northeast Three Tombs of the Qing Dynasty and Imperial Tombs of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although Imperial tomb of the Qing was derived from the Ming’s rules for construction, due to state of the period and racial characteristic difference, their own distinctive style was added during tomb construction progress. And through the combination process with the various factors, architectural form of the imperial tomb of the Qing Dynasty was different from the Ming’s. The reason why the Qing government built it differently is in the problems of politics, economy and culture. First, political reason is to stabilized the public sentiment by differentiation strategy with the Ming Dynasty which had been collapsed for peasants’ revolts. Manchu People, as an ethnic minority, could not put efforts into excessively huge tomb to win popularity of Han race, ethnic majority of Chinese. And the economical reason was also nothing to sneeze at. Because there was no help ignoring economic situation that had been devastated by the long war, imperial tombs could not been constructed such huge as the Ming’s. And, because amount of economic effort by the Qing government was concentrated on establishing a new nation, there was no room to build luxurious and big tomb. There was cultural difference. Manchu People was a husbandly race to pursuit frugality just like Daoguang Emperor’s speaking. There was a cultural difference with Han race who pursuit luxurious. Thus, the Qing tombs were different from the Ming’s and created unique culture according to political, economical and cultural differences.
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