Wide Beamwidth and Miniaturized Millimeter-Wave Endfire Angled ME Dipole Antenna With Extended Ground

Abstract

In this letter, a wideband, wide beamwidth millimeter-wave endfire magnetoelectric (ME) angled dipole antenna with an extended ground structure is presented. When the ground is expanded and the loop is buried into the ground, there is a miniaturization effect on the antenna size because the effective length of the loop increases, thanks to the additional free space for the current to flow through the ground connected to the loop. Moreover, beamwidth can also be increased because the E -field can propagate through the ground. The E -plane beamwidth of the endfire ME dipole antenna is more than doubled from 50 degrees to 128 degrees at 32 GHz frequency. The core area of the proposed antenna is three times smaller than the existing ME dipole antenna and shows a 24 degrees improvement in coverable range compared with the existing ME dipole array when applying actual beamforming through the implementation of a 1 x 4 antenna. The proposed antenna demonstrates notable features, such as a 128 degrees E -plane beamwidth, 140 degrees H -plane beamwidth, 48% fractional bandwidth for S (11) , and a 42.4% 3 dB gain bandwidth.