MXene/Hydrogel-based bioelectronic nose for the direct evaluation of food spoilage in both liquid and gas-phase environments
- Authors
- Liu, Jing; Nam, Youngju; Choi, Danmin; Choi, Yoonji; Lee, Sang-Eun; Oh, Honggyu; Wang, Guangxian; Lee, Seung Hwan; Liu, Yuan; Hong, Seunghun
- Issue Date
- Jul-2024
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd
- Keywords
- Bioelectronic nose; Gas sensing; Hexanal; MXene/hydrogel; Nanodisc; Olfactory receptor
- Citation
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics, v.256, pp 1 - 8
- Pages
- 8
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Volume
- 256
- Start Page
- 1
- End Page
- 8
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/118850
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116260
- ISSN
- 0956-5663
1873-4235
- Abstract
- Various bioelectronic noses have been recently developed for mimicking human olfactory systems. However, achieving direct monitoring of gas-phase molecules remains a challenge for the development of bioelectronic noses due to the instability of receptor and the limitations of its surrounding microenvironment. Here, we report a MXene/hydrogel-based bioelectronic nose for the sensitive detection of liquid and gaseous hexanal, a signature odorant from spoiled food. In this study, a conducting MXene/hydrogel structure was formed on a sensor via physical adsorption. Then, canine olfactory receptor 5269-embedded nanodiscs (cfOR5269NDs) which could selectively recognize hexanal molecules were embedded in the three-dimensional (3D) MXene/hydrogel structures using glutaraldehyde as a linker. Our MXene/hydrogel-based bioelectronic nose exhibited a high selectivity and sensitivity for monitoring hexanal in both liquid and gas phases. The bioelectronic noses could sensitively detect liquid and gaseous hexanal down to 10−18 M and 6.9 ppm, and they had wide detection ranges of 10−18 – 10−6 M and 6.9 – 32.9 ppm, respectively. Moreover, our bioelectronic nose allowed us to monitor hexanal levels in fish and milk. In this respect, our MXene/hydrogel-based bioelectronic nose could be a practical strategy for versatile applications such as food spoilage assessments in both liquid and gaseous systems. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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