Memorable Vibration Pattern Design Based on Writing Pattern

Abstract

In this paper, we presented memorable vibration patterns representing digit 0 to 9, which were designed based on writing patterns. Based on the collection of 50 participants’ handwriting pattern of 10 digits we gathered, we designed two different types of vibration patterns to generate the digits: vibrotactile flows and discrete vibrotactile simulations. In the user study, we evaluated identifiability and learnability of the patterns we generated. First, participants successfully identified 69.4% of vibrotactile flow patterns and 77.5% with discrete vibrotactile simulations in their first session of 30 trials without training. The average recognition rate in their last session 30 trials increased to 83.6% for vibrotactile flows and 91.1% for discrete vibrotactile simulations after two sessions (60 trials), shows the ease of learning the vibration pattern. We also observed a lasting learning effect of both types of vibrotactile patterns in a delayed recall test was conducted 72–96 h after the first user study – 90.0% success rate for vibrotactile flows and 91.4% for discrete vibrations. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.