Mathematical Modeling of Fluidized Bed Drying System: Review and State of the Art

Abstract

Fluidized bed dryer has been widely used in chemical, food, ceramic, pharmaceutical, agriculture, polymer, and waste management industries. The fluidized drying process is a chemical or physical process affected by many factors such as fluidized velocity, particle size, and system structure. Analyzing solid particle behavior during fluidization, heat and mass transfer phenomena is essential for understanding and applying this technique. This work reviews the classification of the fluidized bed dryer and mathematical models of different systems, state of the art about modeling and simulation of the particle to predict the process and evolute the performance of different systems. As a result of this review, some traditional system structures and new hybrid systems are summarized; Zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, and CFD mathematical models are listed, which is crucial for a better understanding of fluidized bed dryers and the development of applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.