Threshold of the volcanic forcing that leads the El Nino-like warming in the last millennium: results from the ERIK simulation
- Authors
- Lim, Hyung-Gyu; Yeh, Sang-Wook; Kug, Jong-Seong; Park, Young-Gyu; Park, Jae-Hun; Park, Rokjin; Song, Chang-Keun
- Issue Date
- Jun-2016
- Publisher
- Springer Verlag
- Keywords
- 1000-YR CONTROL SIMULATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; ECHO-G; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; ENSO; SOLAR; VARIABILITY; TELECONNECTIONS
- Citation
- Climate Dynamics, v.46, no.11-12, pp.3725 - 3736
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Climate Dynamics
- Volume
- 46
- Number
- 11-12
- Start Page
- 3725
- End Page
- 3736
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/13614
- DOI
- 10.1007/s00382-015-2799-3
- ISSN
- 0930-7575
- Abstract
- In order to examine the threshold of the volcanic forcing that leads to the El Nino-like warming, we analyze a millennium ERIK simulation (AD 1000-1850) forced by three external forcings including greenhouse gases, solar forcing and volcanic eruptions using the ECHO-G coupled climate model. It is found that there exists a threshold of the volcanic forcing above 15 W/m(2) to lead the El Nino-like warming in the climate model. When the volcanic forcing is above this threshold forcing, then the intensity of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is weakened and its position is shifted to the south. This might be associated with the processes of less evaporation in the subtropical cloudless region by a cooling due to the reduction of net surface shortwave radiation. Concurrently, a weakening of ITCZ is associated with a weakening of the trade winds and the subsequent Bjerknes feedback causes El Nino-like warming. Therefore, El Nino-like warming events can occur when volcanic eruption is above threshold forcing, implying that there exists a certain level of radiative forcing change which is capable of changing the state of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature. The last millennium simulation of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 climate models also indicates that there may exist a threshold forcing to lead the El Nino-like warming, which has been also discussed in the present study.
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