Programmed shape-dependence of shape memory effect of oriented polystyrene: A molecular dynamics study

Abstract

Oriented polystyrene (PS) has attracted attention due to its capability of sequential self-folding behaviors by infrared (IR) light heating. It has been seen that temporal changes of the shape and properties of PS are affected by its pre-defined molecular structure. In this study, full atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to study the effect of initially applied strain on the thermoelastic properties and shape recovery behaviors of the oriented PS. The shape memory creation procedure (SMCP) is described by long-time simulation and initial strains between 15% and 100% are applied by in-plane tensile loadings. As the extent of pre-stretching increases, the anisotropy of elastic modulus and linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) increase primarily due to the molecular alignment. The shape fixity ratio increases by up to 24% and the recovery ratio decreases by up to 32% by increasing the initial strain. In particular, the shape recovery ratio is mainly affected by the orientational order parameter of the oriented PS. The rate of the recoveries of the thermomechanical properties and shape reduce for a more pre-stretched PS. The retardation of conformational transformation comes from a reduction in the sizes of free volume elements. The results demonstrate a microstructure-property relationship which is important in designing the self-folding behaviors of oriented PS. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd