Determination of major metabolites of MAM-2201 and JWH-122 in in vitro and in vivo studies to distinguish their intake
- Authors
- Jang, Moonhee; Shin, Ilchung; Yang, Wonkyung; Chang, Hyejin; Yoo, Hye Hyun; Lee, Jaesin; Kim, Eunmi
- Issue Date
- Nov-2014
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Keywords
- Synthetic cannabinoid; JWH-122; MAM-2201; In vitro metabolism; Urine
- Citation
- Forensic Science International, v.244, pp.85 - 91
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Forensic Science International
- Volume
- 244
- Start Page
- 85
- End Page
- 91
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/21503
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.008
- ISSN
- 0379-0738
- Abstract
- Abuse of fluorinated synthetic cannabinoid analogs to avoid existing legal regulations has increased globally. The fluorinated JWH-122 analog, MAM-2201, was first reported in September 2012 as an ingredient in herbal mixtures in Korea. MAM-2201 is more potent than JWH-122 and a fatal intoxication case has been reported. In this study, we identified major MAM-2201 and JWH-122 metabolites from in vitro metabolism studies using human liver microsomes and compared the results with those of urine specimens from suspected MAM-2201 or JWH-122 users. MAM-2201 and JWH-122 produced common metabolites, N-5-hydroxylated, N-4-hydroxylated and carboxylated JWH-122 metabolites. Trace amounts of an N-4-hydroxylated MAM-2201 metabolite, a characteristic MAM-2201 metabolite, was detected in only a few urine specimens from MAM-2201 users. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that N-5-hydroxylated JWH-122 metabolite was the primary metabolite of MAM-2201, whereas N-4-hydroxylated JWH-122 metabolite was predominant in JWH-122 metabolism. Based on these results, relative concentrations of N-5- and N-4-hydroxylated JWH-122 metabolites should be considered to verify MAM-2201 or JWH-122 users. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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