Ethanol Production from Soybean Fiber, a Co-product of Aqueous Oil Extraction, Using a Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia Pretreatment
- Authors
- Karki, Bishnu; Maurer, Devin; Box, Shannon; Kim, Tae Hyun; Jung, Stephanie
- Issue Date
- Jul-2012
- Publisher
- WILEY
- Keywords
- Alkaline pretreatment; Ammonia steeping; Aqueous extraction; Soybeans; Soybean fiber; Extrusion; Ethanol; Delignification; Lignocellulose; Biomass
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY, v.89, no.7, pp.1345 - 1353
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
- Volume
- 89
- Number
- 7
- Start Page
- 1345
- End Page
- 1353
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/32581
- DOI
- 10.1007/s11746-012-2016-z
- ISSN
- 0003-021X
- Abstract
- The effectiveness of soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA) as a pretreatment method for the conversion of soybean fiber to ethanol via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was investigated. Insoluble fiber is a co-product from oil and protein extraction using two-stage, countercurrent, enzyme-assisted, aqueous extraction processing of full-fat soybean flakes (FFSF) and extruded FFSF. The fiber fractions were soaked in 15 wt% aqueous ammonia at 1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio. The effects of operating variables, including treatment times (6, 12, and 24 h), treatment temperatures (60 and 80 A degrees C), and cellulase loadings (15 and 60 FPU/g-glucan) on the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis were determined. The best SAA conditions were 80 A degrees C for 12 h followed by an enzyme loading of 15 FPU/g-glucan, which produced a 152-mg/g glucose yield after 48 h of hydrolysis. This was 8.7 times the amount produced from the same fiber not pretreated with SAA. The glucose yield increased to 381 mg/g when fiber obtained from extruded FFSF was submitted to SAA. SAA (80 A degrees C, 12 h) on extruded fiber subjected to SSF increased ethanol yield from 0.06 g of ethanol/g [40% of theoretical yield] (for non SAA pretreated fiber) to 0.25 g of ethanol/g [92% of theoretical yield]. The combination of extrusion and SAA was an efficient means for converting the fiber-rich soybean fraction into ethanol.
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