Applications of Ultrasound to the Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials
- Authors
- Bang, Jin Ho; Suslick, Kenneth S.
- Issue Date
- Mar-2010
- Publisher
- WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
- Citation
- Advanced Materials, v.22, no.10, pp.1039 - 1059
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Advanced Materials
- Volume
- 22
- Number
- 10
- Start Page
- 1039
- End Page
- 1059
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/39930
- DOI
- 10.1002/adma.200904093
- ISSN
- 0935-9648
- Abstract
- Recent advances in nanostructured materials have been led by the development of new synthetic methods that provide control over size, morphology, and nano/microstructure. The utilization of high intensity ultrasound offers a facile, versatile synthetic tool for nanostructured materials that are offers a facile, by conventional methods. The primary physical phenomena associated with ultrasound that are relevant to materials synthesis are cavitation and nebulization. Acoustic cavitation (the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid) creates extreme conditions inside the collapsing bubble and serves as the origin of most sonochemical phenomena in liquids or liquid-solid slurries. Nebulization (the creation of mist from ultrasound passing through a liquid and impinging on a liquid-gas interface) is the basis for ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) with subsequent reactions occurring in the heated droplets of the mist. In both cases, we have examples of phase-separated attoliter microreactors: for sonochemistry, it is a hot gas inside bubbles isolated from one another in a liquid, while for USP it is hot droplets isolated from one another in a gas. Cavitation-induced sonochemistry provides a unique interaction between energy and matter, with hot spots inside the bubbles of similar to 5000K, pressures of similar to 1000 bar, heating and cooling rates of >10(10) K s(-1); these extraordinary conditions permit access to a range of chemical reaction space normally not accessible, which allows for the synthesis of a wide variety of unusual nanostructured materials. Complementary to cavitational chemistry, the microdroplet reactors created by USP facilitate the formation of a wide range of nanocomposites. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of both synthetic methods and recent development in the applications of ultrasound in nanostructured materials synthesis.
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