Simulator for interconnects and general multiline analysis (SIGMA): Simulation algorithm of lossy multiple transmission lines

Abstract

We proposed the time domain characterization algorithm for multiple lossy interconnect lines having frequency-dependent characteristics. The stable and accurate low order transfer functions of lossy transmission lines in the frequency domain are obtained using the linear least square approximation and adaptive sampling methods. Then, the time domain response of the transmission lines can be determined directly with the frequency domain transfer function based on inverse Laplace transformation. The algorithm was implemented into Berkeley SPICE 3 by representing the mathematical formulation with Norton equivalent circuit. The proposed method shows good agreement with HSPICE simulation results within 5 % error.