Fluorescent 2D WS2 Nanosheets Bearing Chemical Affinity Elements for the Recognition of Glycated Hemoglobin

Abstract

It is required to exfoliate and functionalize 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in an aqueous solution for biological and medical applications. Herein, the approach for the simultaneous exfoliation and functionalization of 2D WS2 nanosheets using boronic acid-modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (B-PVA) in an aqueous solution is reported, and the B-PVA-functionalized WS2 nanosheets (B-PVA-WS2) are exploited as a fluorescent biosensor for the detection of glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c. The synthetic B-PVA polymer facilitates the exfoliation and functionalization of WS2 nanosheets from the bulk counterpart in the aqueous solution via a pulsed sonication process, resulting in fluorescent B-PVA-WS2 nanohybrids with a specific recognition of HbA1c. The fluorescence of the B-PVA-WS2 is quenched in the presence of HbA1c, whereas PVA-functionalized WS2 (PVA-WS2), not bearing boronic acid as a recognition moiety, shows no fluorescence changes upon the addition of the target. The B-PVA-WS2 is able to selectively detect HbA1c at the concentration as low as 3.3 x 10(-8) m based on its specific fluorescence quenching.