Phenomenology of summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area, central Spainopen access
- Authors
- Querol, Xavier; Alastuey, Andres; Gangoiti, Gotzon; Perez, Noemi; Lee, Hong K.; Eun, Heeram R.; Park, Yonghee; Mantilla, Enrique; Escudero, Miguel; Titos, Gloria; Alonso, Lucio; Temime-Roussel, Brice; Marchand, Nicolas; Moreta, Juan R.; Arantxa Revuelta, M.; Salvador, Pedro; Artinano, Begona; Garcia dos Santos, Saul; Anguas, Monica; Notario, Alberto; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Harrison, Roy M.; Millan, Millan; Ahn, Kang-Ho
- Issue Date
- May-2018
- Publisher
- COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
- Keywords
- WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AREA; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC NUCLEATION; IBERIAN PENINSULA; RESEARCH-PROJECTS; COASTAL TERRAIN; BOUNDARY-LAYER
- Citation
- ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, v.18, no.9, pp.6511 - 6533
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
- Volume
- 18
- Number
- 9
- Start Page
- 6511
- End Page
- 6533
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/6227
- DOI
- 10.5194/acp-18-6511-2018
- ISSN
- 1680-7316
- Abstract
- Various studies have reported that the photochemical nucleation of new ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban environments within high insolation regions occurs simultaneously with high ground ozone (O-3) levels. In this work, we evaluate the atmospheric dynamics leading to summer O3 episodes in the Madrid air basin (central Iberia) by means of measuring a 3-D distribution of concentrations for both pollutants. To this end, we obtained vertical profiles (up to 1200m above ground level) using tethered balloons and miniaturised instrumentation at a suburban site located to the SW of the Madrid Metropolitan Area (MMA), the Majada-honda site (MJDH), in July 2016. Simultaneously, measurements of an extensive number of air quality and meteorological parameters were carried out at three supersites across the MMA. Furthermore, data from O-3 soundings and daily radio soundings were also used to interpret atmospheric dynamics. The results demonstrate the concatenation of venting and accumulation episodes, with relative lows (venting) and peaks (accumulation) in O-3 surface levels. Regardless of the episode type, the fumigation of high-altitude O-3 (arising from a variety of origins) contributes the major proportion of surface O-3 concentrations. Accumulation episodes are characterised by a relatively thinner planetary boundary layer (<1500m at midday, lower in altitude than the orographic features), light synoptic winds, and the development of mountain breezes along the slopes of the Guadarrama Mountain Range (located W and NW of the MMA, with a maximum elevation of >2400ma.s.l.). This orographic-meteorological setting causes the vertical recirculation of air masses and enrichment of O-3 in the lower tropospheric layers. When the highly polluted urban plume from Madrid is affected by these dynamics, the highest Ox (O-3 + NO2) concentrations are recorded in the MMA. Vertical O-3 profiles during venting episodes, with strong synoptic winds and a deepening of the planetary boundary layer reaching > 2000ma.s.l., were characterised by an upward gradient in O-3 levels, whereas a reverse situation with O-3 concentration maxima at lower levels was found during the accumulation episodes due to local and/or regional production. The two contributions to O-3 surface levels (fumigation from high-altitude strata, a high O-3 background, and/or regional production) require very different approaches for policy actions. In contrast to O-3 vertical top-down transfer, UFPs are formed in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and are transferred upwards progressively with the increase in PBL growth.
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