符号学视角下秦观《满庭芳》的意象符号解读

Abstract

北宋词人秦观被尊为婉约派一代词宗。前人对秦观及其词的研究虽然不在少数，但主要集中在对秦观的生平性格和秦观词的艺术特色、手法、意境等方面。笔者认为通过深入文学作品本身理解和分析作品来发现作品的文学性能够拓展作品的解读视野，但要深入作品，科学合理地探讨出作品本身的丰富意蕴，只有通过以文本为唯一对象，重构作品的语言符号系统才能实现对文本的客观解读，这就需要运用符号学的理论来实现。符号学为文本的客观阐释提供了理论依据。秦观曾被苏东坡称为“山抹微云君”，《满庭芳》是秦观词中的代表。 本文选取秦观词中的四首《满庭芳》，以符号学视角为切入点对其进行了尝试性的分析，以期为解读秦观词提供一个新的视角。本文运用符号学的相关理论，首先对四首《满庭芳》中的意象符号的内涵层面进行了分析，发现这四首《满庭芳》中词人选用的意象符号大多笔墨细腻淡雅、少有重笔，带有柔性质感，它们串连在一起使文本具有了柔丽凄婉的美学特质的同时使词人的内在情感外化并得到宣泄。然后，本文对四首《满庭芳》意象符号的组合特征进行了分析，主要从它们在组合轴上的空间构建、组合方式及全词整体结构三个方面展开。 四首《满庭芳》意象符号在组合轴上的空间构建为全词带来一种生动的图画感的同时使全词形成一种辐射型的整体结构，即以内在情感为核心，通过外部一系列意象符号并列组合的方式将这种内在情感外化。词中先通过前面大量外部意象符号的铺陈，为下面内在情感的抒发提供了具体的语境，并在最后部分以外部意象符号描绘出的外在情境作结，既呼应了前面的情感抒发，又将整首词的词境扩展开来。 本文运用符号学的相关理论，进入《满庭芳》文本内部，对其中的意象符号的内涵层面及其组合特征进行了具体分析，发现在聚合和组合的共同作用下，这些意象符号被再造和重组，形成巨大的情感张力，激发了读者的情感体验，给读者留下回味无穷的余味。

Northern Song Dynasty lyricist Qin Guan is revered as a master of Wan Yue Ci School（婉約派）. Previous studies on Qin Guan and his Ci-poetry are not few, but they are mainly focused on Qin Guan's life character and Qin Guan's artistic characteristics, techniques and artistic conception. I think that through the thorough understanding and analysis of text itself to find the literary nature of text can expand the scope of the interpretation of the work. Ｗe need to go deep into Ci-poetry to explore the rich meaning of the work scientifically and rationally. And by reconstructing the language symbol system of Ci-poetry We can realize the objective interpretation of Ci-poetry． This requires the application of the theory of semiotics. “Mantingfang” is representative of Qin Guan's Ci-poetry. This paper selects Qin Guan's “Mantingfang”, with a semiotic perspective as a starting point to make a tentative analysis on it, in order to provide a new perspective for the interpretation of Qin Guan's Ci-poetry. Using the theory of semiotics, this paper first analyzes the connotation level of image symbols in “Mantingfang” ci, They are linked together to make the text have aesthetic characteristics of delicate, elegant, amorous, graceful and restrained beauty, with sensitivity and plaintiveness in feelings. At the same time, the inner feelings of the poet are externalized and released. Then space construction, mode of combination and overall structure of the image symbol of “Mantingfang” ci were analyzed. And We found it brings to “Mantingfang” ci a vivid picture. At the same time, the whole work is made to form a radiation type to overall structure. That is, the inner emotion as the core, it is externalized by the combination of a series of external image symbol. External image symbol described at great length in front of the work provides the specific context to express inner feelings for the following. And in the last part, external poetic imagery depicted by the external image symbol is used as a knot. It echoes the emotional expression of the front and extends the ci poetic imagery(詞境) of whole Ci-poetry. This paper uses the theory of semiotics, enter “Mantingfang” ci text inside, on which the image symbol's connotation and combination features were analyzed. And found that under the combined action of selection and combination, these image symbols were reconstructed and reorganized, forming great emotional tension and stimulating readers' emotional experience. Thus it leave the reader with an endless aftertaste.