Designing a high-performance nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide anode material for lithium-ion batteries by unravelling the nitrogen doping effect
- Authors
- Choi, Won Ho; Lee, Chi Ho; Kim, Hee-eun; Lee, Sang Uck; Bang, Jin Ho
- Issue Date
- Aug-2020
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Keywords
- Anatase TiO2; N-doping; Spatial distribution; Electrical conductivity; Lithium-ion diffusion
- Citation
- Nano Energy, v.74, pp.1 - 12
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Nano Energy
- Volume
- 74
- Start Page
- 1
- End Page
- 12
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/erica/handle/2021.sw.erica/957
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104829
- ISSN
- 2211-2855
- Abstract
- Despite its great potential, the use of TiO2 in lithium-ion batteries has been hampered by its intrinsically low electrical and ionic conductivities. Although nitrogen doping (N-doping) has been widely practiced to address this issue, a comprehensive understanding of how N-doping improves those poor intrinsic properties is still lacking. For this work, we performed a computational study and found that the N-doping effect relies intimately on where the N is implanted in the TiO2 lattice: interstitial N is more beneficial than substitutional N in enhancing those conductivities. Therefore, we devised a new N-doping strategy based on a self-N-doping route that enables subtle tuning of the nitrogen distribution in TiO2. Unlike conventional N-doping methods that leave the doped N predominantly on the surface, our new approach enables the preferential implantation of interstitial N into the interior of TiO2. In-depth electrochemical analyses combined with physical characterization reveal that this unique falling gradient N-doping from the core to the surface is more beneficial than the common rising gradient N-doping in enhancing the performance of TiO2 in lithium ion batteries. This new insight highlights the importance of crystallographic location and spatial distribution in N-doping, which will form the foundation of a new design principle for high-performance N-doped TiO2.
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