Phytochemicals against TNFα-mediated neuroinflammatory diseases
- Authors
- Subedi L.; Lee S.E.; Madiha S.; Gaire B.P.; Jin M.; Yumnam S.; Kim S.Y.
- Issue Date
- Feb-2020
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Keywords
- Neurodegeneration; Neuroinflammation; Phytochemicals; TNF-α; TNFR1; TNFR2
- Citation
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v.21, no.3
- Journal Title
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Volume
- 21
- Number
- 3
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/17776
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijms21030764
- ISSN
- 1661-6596
- Abstract
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine responsible for the modulation of the immune system. TNF-α plays a critical role in almost every type of inflammatory disorder, including central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Although TNF-α is a well-studied component of inflammatory responses, its functioning in diverse cell types is still unclear. TNF-α functions through its two main receptors: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2), also known as p55 and p75, respectively. Normally, the functions of soluble TNF-α-induced TNFR1 activation are reported to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. While TNF-α mediated TNFR2 activation has a dual role. Several synthetic drugs used as inhibitors of TNF-α for diverse inflammatory diseases possess serious adverse effects, which make patients and researchers turn their focus toward natural medicines, phytochemicals in particular. Phytochemicals targeting TNF-α can significantly improve disease conditions involving TNF-α with fewer side effects. Here, we reviewed known TNF-α inhibitors, as well as lately studied phytochemicals, with a role in inhibiting TNF-α itself, and TNF-α-mediated signaling in inflammatory diseases focusing mainly on CNS disorders. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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