All-Trans Retinoic Acid Enhances Bacterial Flagellin-Stimulated Proinflammatory Responses in Human Monocyte THP-1 Cells by Upregulating CD14
- Authors
- Hoang, Thi Xoan; Jung, Jong Hyeok; Kim, Jae Young
- Issue Date
- 27-Dec-2019
- Publisher
- HINDAWI LTD
- Citation
- BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, v.2019
- Journal Title
- BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
- Volume
- 2019
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/17867
- DOI
- 10.1155/2019/8059312
- ISSN
- 2314-6133
- Abstract
- All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active form of vitamin A, exerts immunomodulatory functions. In this study, we examined the immune potentiating effect of ATRA on bacterial flagellin-induced NF-kappa B activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in human monocytic cell line THP-1. ATRA treatment significantly enhanced the flagellin-induced NF-kappa B/AP-1 activity in THP-1 via the RAR/RXR pathway. Similarly, ATRA enhanced the expression and production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in THP-1 cells upon flagellin challenge. The cell surface expression of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), which is the receptor for bacterial flagellin, was significantly reduced by ATRA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. To determine the mechanisms underlying the ATRA-enhanced immune response against bacterial flagellin despite the reduced cell surface expression of TLR5 in ATRA-treated THP-1, we examined the cell surface expression of CD14, which has been proposed to be a TLR co-receptor that enhances the response to microbial components. The cell surface expression of CD14 was significantly enhanced by ATRA treatment, especially in the presence of flagellin. Anti-CD14 antibody treatment prior to ATRA and flagellin treatments completely abolished ATRA-enhanced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta production. Our results suggest that ATRA enhances flagellin-stimulated proinflammatory responses in human monocyte THP-1 cells by upregulating CD14 in a RAR/RXR-dependent manner.
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