The Mixture of Gotu Kola, Cnidium Fruit, and Goji Berry Enhances Memory Functions by Inducing Nerve-Growth-Factor-Mediated Actions Both In Vitro and In Vivo
- Authors
- Choi J.G.; Khan Z.; Hong S.M.; Kim Y.C.; Oh M.S.; Kim S.Y.
- Issue Date
- May-2020
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- Cnidium fruit; Goji berry; Gotu Kola; KYJ; memory enhancing; Nerve growth factor
- Citation
- Nutrients, v.12, no.5
- Journal Title
- Nutrients
- Volume
- 12
- Number
- 5
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/66278
- DOI
- 10.3390/nu12051372
- ISSN
- 2072-6643
- Abstract
- Nerve growth factor (NGF), a typical neurotrophin, has been characterized by the regulation of neuronal cell differentiation and survival involved in learning and memory functions. NGF has a main role in neurite extension and synapse formation by activating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response-element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a mixture of Gotu Kola, Cnidium fruit, and Goji berry (KYJ) enhances memory function by inducing NGF-mediated actions both in vitro and in vivo. The KYJ combination increased NGF concentration and neurite length in C6 glioma and N2a neuronal cells, respectively. Additionally, we discovered memory-enhancing effects of KYJ through increased NGF-mediated synapse maturation, CREB phosphorylation, and cell differentiation in the mouse hippocampus. These findings suggest that this combination may be a potential nootropic cognitive enhancer via the induction of NGF and NGF-dependent activities.
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